Keyframes

In video compression, frames are categorized into three primary types: I-frames, P-frames, and B-frames. Each serves a distinct role in balancing video quality and compression efficiency.

• I-frames (Intra-coded frames): These are complete image frames encoded independently, containing all the data needed to display the frame. I-frames act as reference points for decoding subsequent frames and are essential for enabling random access within a video stream.
• P-frames (Predicted frames): P-frames store only the changes in the image from a preceding I-frame or P-frame. By referencing previous frames, they achieve higher compression ratios than I-frames.
• B-frames (Bidirectional predicted frames): B-frames utilize both preceding and succeeding frames to interpolate their content, offering the highest compression efficiency among the three frame types.

The sequence and arrangement of these frames are managed within a structure known as the Group of Pictures (GOP). A typical GOP might follow a pattern such as I-B-B-P, repeating throughout the video. The configuration of I, P, and B-frames within a GOP significantly influences the video's compression efficiency and quality.

Understanding the roles and functions of I-frames, P-frames, and B-frames is crucial for professionals in video production and broadcasting. Effective manipulation of these frames allows for optimized storage solutions and efficient streaming experiences, ensuring high-quality video delivery across various platforms.